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Thus, for all other considered specimens in VecTor2 analysis, the tension stiffening is not activated.
The considered specimens are made of rigid polyurethane foams having different densities from 100 to 651 kg/m3.
The considered specimens are made of polyurethane materials of different densities from 100 to 651 kg/m3.
Moreover, the impact of imperfections in the composite micro-structure on the strength of the considered specimens is investigated.
The considered specimens presented different geometrical imperfections (initial curvatures), and were tested in two different constraint conditions (hinged hinged and hinged clamped).
The averaged value of the strain energy density over a well-defined volume is used to predict the static strength of the considered specimens.
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The engineering strain or strain is the total elongation divided by the initial length of the considered specimen.
The engineering stress or stress is given by the quotient of the applied load to the original cross-s ectional area of the considered specimen.
The true stress (σ T ) in the tensile test is the instantaneous applied load divided by the instantaneous cross-sectional area of the considered specimen.
The effect of the considered specimen sizes on shrinkage strains is moderate when cured in humidity room while the effect is noticeable in specimens cured in temperature room.
In order to predict the temperature increase caused by plastic deformations realistically, the pre-loading history of the considered specimen is accounted for by non-zero initial internal variables.
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