When considering previously published research, two studies were found asking their respondents to provide an ED estimate for a paediatric chest CT [16, 24] and a paediatric abdominal CT.
Causality of identified variants was thoroughly assessed considering previously published studies and in silico tools [17].
Submitters of newly generated fungal ITS sequences are also asked to consider previously published guidelines (96, 97).
The improvement in knowledge and clinical practice after the active implementation strategy used in this study would be considered large, when considering previously published effect sizes.
Two species, Priapella compressa and P. olmecae, were selected as outgroups considering previously published phylogenies of the family Poeciliidae [ 24, 68] as well as our recently reconstructed poeciliid phylogeny (Kang and Meyer, unpublished data).
Considering previously published major events leading to the gene overlaps; genes rearrangements or transposition, extension of genes by adoption of signals or new exons, and new genes origination [ 9, 10] we developed 15 theoretical scenarios of overlapping genes evolution.
The results of the present study that are most difficult to explain, considering previously published data, are those suggesting that halophytes are not subjected to oxidative stress in their natural habitat.
In biology, many authors also avoid preprints out of the fear that editors would consider their study previously published and reject it, says John Inglis, executive director of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press in New York.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate how folic acid knowledge and periconceptional usage for NTD prevention varies by ethnicity in the U.K. Considering previously published evidence, five studies met the inclusion criteria: to have assessed folic acid knowledge and/or periconceptional folic acid use in participants, including women of non-Caucasian ethnicity.
We have studied many more determinants of the response rate to PROM questionnaires mailed to patients after a hospital episode than have been considered previously in published studies.
