Also the effect of different initial void shapes is considered, as well as the effect of different spacings between the voids in the axial and transverse directions.
The theories of Secchi and Koolhaas are considered as far as a new acceptance of void is concerned.
In symmetric Σ5(210) and Σ27(115) GBs, we find that the effect of voids on shear-coupled GB migration depends on the GB tilt direction considered, as well as on the size and number of voids.
Homogeneity of root filling was considered as: a. Homogeneous root filling, good condensation, no voids visible (acceptable).
In order to obtain a more reasonable description of the actual engineering condition, the voids were considered as prolate ellipsoidal, and the influences of the instantaneous void shape changing, stress state and deformation history were taken into account for the void evolution.
Mixtures of both gradations with all bitumen contents satisfied the SMA mixture requirements and hence only air voids were considered as the determining factor for optimum bitumen content (OBC), and bitumen content corresponding to 4%% air voids is taken as the OBC.
It should be noted that the pore phase was considered as bonding component rather than voids.
In this study 3, 7 and 28 d compressive strength, Modulus of Elasticity, Water Absorption, Density, and Volume of voids are considered as responses.
The air space can be considered as the ensemble of individual voids that are interconnected by narrower passages (Fig. 7).
Mixed solid void features are adopted as basic design primitives to build a unified formulation of feature definition, while pure solid or pure void features are considered as two special cases.
