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Hence, the planning horizon for seasonal products varies over years and may be considered as random with a distribution.
The infinitesimal genetic effect was considered as random, with covariance Aσ 2 u, A being the numerator relationship matrix.
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The spring rate and viscous friction are considered as random variables with normal distributions.
The coefficients of the orthogonal decomposition are considered as random variables with distributions determined from the snapshots.
In RBDO, a finite number of volume fractions of homogenized FGM layers and material properties are considered as random variables, with statistical information such as mean, standard deviation, and statistical distributions.
Thus, standardized flows at different sites and of different TDP periods are considered as random variables with zero expectation and unit standard deviation.
For this purpose, the unknown parameters are considered as random variables with their probability density functions, and the identification problem is expressed as determining a posteriori probability density function for parameters.
In the 1D SLIM algorithm which is based on a MAP approach, the unknown complex reflection coefficients are considered as random variables with the following prior distribution fleft(boldsymbol{x}right)={displaystyle prod_{n=1}^N}{e}^{-frac{2}{q}left({left|{x}_nright|}^q-1right)} (17).
The commonly used genomic relationship matrix G is equivalent to our model M0, where base groups and segregation terms are considered as random effects with the same genetic variance.
However, in the statistical model used to estimate the genetic effects associated with each marker, dominance effects were considered as random unknown effects with a mean of 0. The simulation of dominance effects that are on average greater than 0 has two consequences.
Whenever the retailers face available on-hand inventory at the warehouse, the service time (including transportation time from the warehouse to each retailer and warehouse service time) for each product is considered as random exponential variables with means 1/μ j (j = 1, 2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com