For these two cases of acquired ESBL (P203 and P220), patient-to-patient transmission was considered as proven.
Transmission was considered as proven if identical bacteria (species and antibiogram) were obtained from the swab and the inner glove.
A suspected infection was considered as proven (and classified as certain infection in our analysis) when there was a more than fourfold antibody-titre rise.
As such, the results of our analyses can be used for hypothesis generation and support, but they should not be considered as proving causation.
Fifteen of these 38 findings were considered as clinically relevant; five of these 15 findings were considered as proven aetiology of the infections since the same bacteria were found by culture from the site of infection (Table 3).
Phyletic association of Otomys + Parotomys with the 'arvicanthines' is robustly supported by numerous other molecular analyses and must now be considered as proven [ 6, 11, 12, 14, 16, 24].
Due to the fact that in many cases acute phase sera were available and serological tests had been performed, we then had a closer look at our serological test results to answer the question whether patients with a positive IgM for M.pneumoniae in their acute phase serum might be considered as proven cases of M.pneumoniae infection as well.
To make a precise identification of the presence of nanoparticles by light microscopy, their presence was only considered as proven when the three microscopies employed (phase contrast, bright field and dark field) provided correlated images (see additional files 1, 2, 3: correlative images 1, 2, 3 for the micrographs used to select the nanoparticle-containing cells to be analyzed at TEM).
The following other features were considered as well, but proved not to be relevant for item difficulty: number of solution steps, calculating with numbers or variables, occurrence or creating of charts, and reference quality of data books.
Havenith et al. (2013) also show that the impacts should not be considered as 'anecdotic' as some proved remotely triggered landslides caused enormous impacts such as the Baipaza landslide in Tajikistan (Fig. 3) triggered in 2002 by the Mw = 7.4 Hindukush earthquake at a hypocentral distance of more than 300 km.
