IABP insertion should be considered as soon as evidence points to possible cardiac dysfunction, preferably intraoperatively to avoid the excessive need of inotropic support.
LV diastolic function was classified according to standard ASE criteria, and grades II IV were considered as diastolic dysfunction [18].
According to Khushf, the 'root cause' of disease is often considered as a "dysfunction of a tissue because of pathology on a cellular or subcellular level" (quoted from Kelly [2006], 1026).
In addition E/E′ was calculated from the peak E velocity and the mean TVI Et (normal <15; increases reflect declines in diastolic function; E/E′ >15 is considered as diastolic dysfunction).
In patients with conserved LV EF, the evidence for diastolic dysfunction was considered as a documented cardiac dysfunction.
In the last decades cancer has been considered as an epigenetic dysfunction, given the profound role of diet and lifestyle in cancer prevention and the determination of cancer risk.
However, an excursion only slightly higher than 1 cm was our median value, whereas values <1 cm during quiet breathing are considered as indicating diaphragm dysfunction [ 12, 13, 39].
The low prevalence of cardiovascular dysfunction as diagnosed with Goldstein criteria (1.8 %) is probably explained by the fact that a patient should receive a fluid bolus (≥40 ml/kg) to be considered as having a cardiovascular dysfunction.
The healthy group had to score less than 4 points on the Neck Disability Index in order to be considered as having no neck dysfunction.
In particular, those with moderate arterial dysfunction, considered as a peak systolic velocity (PSV) ≥25 and <35 cm/s, may significantly benefit from this therapy thanks to the improvement of IIEF-EF, MSHQ, SQoL-M, and PSV.
