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The return of a completed questionnaire was considered as consent to take part.
Since the survey was voluntary and anonymous, completing the questionnaire was considered as consent to participate.
Return of the online, anonymous questionnaire was considered as consent to participate in the study.
Return of the completed questionnaire was considered as consent of participating in the study.
They were also informed that answering the questionnaire was considered as consent to participate in the study.
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Moreover, the FGD participants were recruited by the village headmen who are considered as consent-providers under the Zambian customary law.
Since this study was analysis of anonymous self-administered questionnaire, responses were considered as consents for this study.
Should consent from those individuals' family members be considered as well?
Some interviewees argued that since the requirements of full disclosure cannot be assured in broad consent, this cannot be considered as valid consent: "This is certainly not valid.
Thus, if they did not return the non-consent form, it was considered as passive consent.
The participants were not asked for a written consent and filling out the questionnaire was considered as the consent for the study.
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