Since the universe has been restricted to be of class 4, direct comparison with the frequencies computed earlier is not directly possible, unless conditional frequencies are considered, as usual.
In fact, m(t) can be considered as the conditional tail measure given that an object did not fail in (0,t).
The density p ζ ̂ ( z ) can be considered as the conditional density p ζ ̂ ( z | c n = c n ) obtained for Class III channel simulators.
ER stress may therefore be considered as a conditional aging factor.
P R. The family may also be considered as a regular conditional probability.
Abelard's First Principle, ~((A →B) ∧ (A →~B)), is considered as a principle of conditional non-contradiction and as such is endorsed by some philosophers, e.g., Gibbard (1981, p. 231), Lowe (1995, p. 47), and Bennett (2003, p. 84), without making any reference to connexive logic.
There are some methods of analysis that could potentially be used for multicentre trials with a binary endpoint that we did not consider, such as conditional logistic regression, propensity scores [ 26], or a permutation test approach [ 27, 28].
The conditional expectation E Y|X) considered as a random variable has its own (unconditional) expectation E{E Y|X)}, which is calculated by multiplying equation (9) by f xi) and summing over i to obtain the important formula Properly interpreted, equation (10) is a generalization of the law of total probability.
A conditional (sunêmmenon) was considered as a non-simple proposition composed of two propositions and the connecting particle 'if'.
The propensity score was considered as individuals' probability of having psoriasis, conditional on the background covariates.
5. On Chalmers's official account, P is true at w considered as actual just in case the material conditional "w is actual ⊃ P" is a priori.
