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Uncharacterized proteins that have protein names are considered annotated as they often make up large families of homologous proteins that have uncertain functions, such as PPE family proteins and UPF/DUF proteins.
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Here, we consider any gene as member of the GO module at which it is annotated as well as all of the parent modules too [23].
Only genes annotated as known housekeeping genes and present as only one single contig in the data base were considered.
Contigs were annotated as above.
Similar to previous work, for negative genetic interactions, we also considered interactions annotated as phenotypic enhancement, synthetic growth defect and synthetic lethality.
Thirty-one per cent of the considered alarms were annotated as not valid.
Finally, we consider all those features annotated as MADS-box genes.
Open reading frames that encode predicted protein sequences, i.e. the proteome in all bacteria, were considered as annotated genes.
We used D. melanogaster genome annotation version 5.47 and only considered coding transcripts that are annotated as "strongly supported" by FlyBase.
Previously, we only considered piRNAs that were not annotated as repeat sequences (Non-repeat-associated piRNAs) in CPSS [ 27].
We considered the entire yeast genome except for proteins annotated as 'dubious', since these proteins were not considered in the yeast network (Lee et al., 2007).
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