The results confirm theoretical considerations from laboratory studies on the effects of testing, pretesting, and the forward effect of testing (e.g., Roediger & Karpicke, 2006, Kornell et al., 2009; Richland et al., 2009; Pastötter & Bäuml, 2014).
Additional information about study design, ethical considerations, and laboratory methods can be found in Supplementary Materials.
Nevertheless, the current data are an important field validation of predictions based upon energetic considerations and laboratory studies.
Clinical translation has been impeded by safety considerations since laboratory findings were often inconsistent, even with the same methodology and depth of hypothermia.
This is an important consideration when laboratory observations are to be extrapolated to olivine in natural environments such as the Earth's mantle.
In addition, screening strategies for rapid method development and considerations for laboratory-scale preparative separation are discussed and recent achievements are highlighted.
Under this consideration, a laboratory apparatus was established to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a single circular jet impinging on the top or bottom surface of the plate.
The case definition is based on clinical criteria such as fever and meningeal signs without consideration of laboratory confirmation [ 15].
For this reason, we eliminate primates from consideration since laboratory filovirus infection is known to result in fatal disease in both African and New World primates (24, 25 ).
Based on this consideration, our laboratory recently introduced a series of reward-directed instrumental learning (RDIL) tasks for studying cognitions in adaptive behavior [ 6, 7].
