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Considerable host genotype differences in mean WEC during serial passage confirmed adequate nematode selection pressure for both H. contortus (R 4900 eggs per gram (epg), S 19,900 epg) and T. colubriformis (R 5300 epg, S 13,500 epg).
182 All leukotoxins are proinflammatory and show cytolytic activity towards neutrophils, with considerable host specificity 183– 186 Recently, the CCR5 receptor was shown to recognize leukotoxin ED, 187 suggesting that in contrast to previous belief, the cytolytic activities of – possibly all – staphylococcal leukotoxins are receptor-dependent.
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He'll also be putting his considerable hosting skills to the test.
The real diversity could also be underestimated if there is considerable within-host heterogeneity and each host is represented by only one or a few strains.
While avian and other animal isolates maintain close sequence homology with human isolates (Claas et al., 1998), the transmission of animal isolates into humans is associated with genetic bottlenecks (Zaraket et al., 2015) and considerable within-host adaptation (Linster et al., 2014).
Phages in orthocluster 3 (FSL SP-058 and FSL SP-076) encoded two tailspikes, these proteins also presented a conserved N-terminal and a highly divergent C-terminal (7 and 33% aa identity); these two phages show considerable differences in host range (2 and 3 Salmonella host strains are only lysed by FSL SP-058 and FSL SP-076, respectively; see Additional file 7).
S. agalactiae has been isolated from a diversity of vertebrate hosts ranging from humans to crocodiles and fish [ 12- 14], and there is considerable evidence for host adaptation among strains, with both human and bovine sourced isolates showing a high degree of genetic distinctiveness [ 15- 20].
What is so valuable about our political system is that it has historically been able to reconcile these two commitments: To a considerable degree, a host of countries in North America and Western Europe have been able to give the people a real voice in their government even as they have protected individual rights.
Collectively, the actions of these degradative substances may potentially cause considerable damage to host tissue and prolong the inflammatory response following surgery.
It has been previously shown that S. aureus removed from infected murine lungs are coated with considerable levels of host hemoglobin suggesting that heme-iron may be a relevant iron source at this anatomical site [5].
SjIR-1 and SmIR-1 [26] occur in the same location in the schistosome tegument as those of the schistosome glucose transporters SGTP1 and SGTP4 [57] which are involved in the considerable uptake of host glucose, one of the major nutrients and energy substrates for schistosomes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com