The considerable heritability estimates observed for sum-scores reflect the concerted effect of all genetic effects on all individual items that are summed: not only the additive effects that are shared by all items, but also genetic effects that are specific to only one or a few of these items, dominance effects, epigenetic effects, epistatis, and effects of complete genetic pathways.
Allowing for imperfect reference standards resulted in considerable higher estimates for C1 (90.2–91.0 %) and C2 (93.0–94.1 %).
Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that egg weights are mainly determined by genetic factors and they all show considerable heritability estimates [ 4, 10, 11].
27 The difference between the magnitude of production losses estimated with the two methods can be considerable when estimating production losses due to deaths.
The cost has been considerable: an estimated total expenditure of £9.3 billion, or $14.6 billion.
But when it comes to the most personal and often problematic issue marking his tenure — his open-wallet policy in sharing his considerable wealth, estimated at several hundred millions of dollars — he has relied heavily on Ms. Dunlap, 55, a longtime friend, confidante, adviser and lawyer who is an officer of JSC Investments L.L.C., a company owned by Mr. Corzine.
Data demands are considerable for estimating these adult cognitive skills production functions.
Accurately modelling the size of giant forms is essential to appreciating their flight ability as even relatively small over-predictions of wingspans may translate to considerable over-estimates of mass and subsequently inaccurate appreciation of flight performance.
Although, on average, carriers of gametocytes at submicroscopical densities infected significantly fewer mosquitoes that themselves developed lower oocyst burdens, the contribution to the infectious reservoir of this age group was considerable and estimated at 24%.
Considerable effect estimate attenuation also occurred when we used residential distance to crops as a proxy for pesticide exposure.
