Higher resolution SEMs revealed a considerable increase in cell wall thickness during seed maturation.
D-Xylonate production apparently imposed considerable stress on the cell wall.
Interfascicular fibers accumulated a considerable amount of secondary cell wall material, although the autofluorescence signal was still weak compared to the vascular bundle regions (Fig. 1d).
In M. oryzae, the cell wall undergoes considerable changes during morphogenesis [13].
In M. oryzae, the cell wall undergoes considerable changes during morphogenesis such as during the formation of appressoria [13].
Therefore, despite the presence of a relatively rigid scaffold formed by chitin fibrils and α-1,3-glucans, the polymer network in fungi still retains considerable plasticity, which allows the fungal cell wall to reshape its molecular architecture to survive through different external stress and to fulfill diverse functions.
However, also the down-regulated groups F, G, and H contained a considerable number of contigs from the "cell wall" category.
Given the special characteristics of the epidermic outer cell wall, specifically its considerable thickness, and the presence of protective waxes, a possible particle penetration point could be through the stomata and the subestomatic chambers.
The largest functional group (41%) of DEGs was associated with metabolic processes (e.g. metabolism of lipids, nucleotides, secondary metabolites and cell wall), suggesting a considerable rearrangement in plant metabolism as part of progressive drought adaptation.
These results are in accordance with the findings of other workers (Giovannozzi et al. 1989; Fazaeli and Talebian Masoudi 2006) who reported that fungal cultivation resulted in considerable increase in crude protein and soluble cell wall content.
