Formalized by an amnesty law in 1977, this agreement defies the conventional wisdom that considers retribution and reconciliation vital to rebuilding a stable nation.
The charges were widely considered as retribution for the newspaper's reporting on the Sun case and also for its previous coverage of the SARS virus.
The raid was the latest in a series of moves to put pressure on Yukos and Mr. Khodorkovsky, whose prosecution is considered political retribution for financing opposition parties and lobbying publicly for greater oil exports from Russia.
She had been serving a seven-year term for abuse of power, a charge that supporters and Western governments considered political retribution.
People with Confucian or Buddhist beliefs consider infertility as retribution for wrongdoing either by the man, woman or even ancestors (Handwerker, 1995; Qiu, 2002).
Asked whether the administration was considering how any retribution might affect oil supplies, a spokeswoman for the Energy Department directed questions to the State Department.
He was held for eighty-one dand and later fined for tax evasion, which he and his supporters consider an act of political retribution.
"Consider: shame or fear of family retribution, but also consider vindictiveness or pure fantasy," they read.
