There are ethical theorists who believe that our standards of distributive justice are far too minimalist and that much of what is considered supererogatory in the transference of wealth from the rich to the poor should really be considered obligatory.
Thus, a distinction is made in Western literature between moral duty and a supererogatory act, the former considered obligatory and moral duty 'proper' and the latter nonobligatory and optional, not being a 'proper' moral duty.
Prescribing neuroenhancers is outside the area of medicine that is considered obligatory for a physician, so under what circumstances should it be considered unethical or unacceptable?
In Russia, though, it was "considered obligatory [in progressive musical circles in Russia] to treat Tchaikovsky as a renegade, a master overly dependent on the West".
CE vaccines seek to focus responses on the most conserved segments of HIV-1 in order both to elicit CTL responses considered obligatory for viral control and to avoid CTL responses toward variant peptides that allow escape without hindering viral function and that may act as immunological decoys with no clear efficacy in terms of viral control.
Age, school grade, and sex were considered obligatory covariates, and the BMI was a mandatory covariate for blood pressure.
Following this situation, it was considered obligatory to conduct this study in order to assess the impact of Village/Mtaa Resource Teams (VRTs) on the activation of the systems and process in the community within the local government set-up.
Consider whether laptop usage in class is considered obligatory.
I bitterly resented and objected to this obligatory retirement, but even almost 10 years after the verdict, I still feel it hard to accept and consider the obligatory abdication of my research and teaching duties as unjustified, penalizing and discriminatory.
