In selecting an instrument to measure quality of life (QoL), its impact on the resulting cost -effectiveness of a medical intervention should be considered as cost -effectiveness is often determined as a cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), a measure combining length of time with quality of life [ 22].
In cases where they are associated with higher QALY and higher cost they are considered as cost-effective only when the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is lower than a specific predetermined threshold [ 17- 19].
The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated to be $42 000 per QALY (approximately £26 588), a figure considered as cost-effective, considering the willingness-to-pay threshold in the UK of between £20 000 and £30 000 per QALY.
More research is required on the integrated use of the different combination therapies; these studies need to consider overall efficacy as well as cost effectiveness when comparing different regimes and different antibiotic doses.
The main outcomes are expressed as cost effectiveness ratios (CE) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).
The group was also asked to consider the cost effectiveness of all systems, as well to predict possible Soviet responses.
Consider the cost effectiveness.
Figure 3 shows the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve, which considers uncertainty in cost effectiveness.
40 More broadly, across clinical specialties we propose that professional societies and government policy forming bodies such as NICE should consider cost effectiveness in evaluating prognostic biomarker strategies using similar principles as they do for drug, device, and other technologies.
Therefore, the use of accurate ICU days prediction rules may help improve the efficiency of helicopter transport, considering cost effectiveness as well as the treatment of patients in critical condition.
Norwegian policy makers consider cost effectiveness, individual benefits and severity of disease as important criteria for priority setting of interventions.
