Ribosomal proteins also reflect sufficiently conserved variation that allows for their use in phylogenetic grouping [ 1].
The nucleoprotein (N) gene has been extensively used for genetic typing and evolutionary studies because of its relatively conserved variation among reservoir-associated variants and geographic lineages (13 – 16 ).
First, an "intragenus conserved variation" consisted of a cytidine residue in the forward primer annealing position for all species of the Salmo genus analyzed, which was changed to a Thymidine residue for the two species of the Oncorhynchus genus analyzed (blue arrow in Figure 1).
The majority of variations were located in CDS regions, and their open reading frames were conserved between variations.
While the BRD residues important for Kac binding are largely conserved, sequence variations in the ZA and BC loops enable discrimination of different binding targets [5], [6].
Our findings suggest that the genes involved in mycolate biosynthesis are highly conserved with variations observed in genes, which form cylcopropane rings.
The remaining six genome segments (Seg-1, -3, -4, -5, -8 and 9; encoding VP1, VP3, VP4, NS1, NS2 and VP6, respectively) are all highly conserved, showing variations that correlate primarily with virus origin, dividing isolates into eastern and western topotypes and providing evidence of geographic subgroups, but no significant correlation with virus serotype (supplementary data, [13]).
While the core protein regulatory machinery involved in ciliary motility is very likely to be conserved, some variations in response to increased Ca2+ between single cell ciliates and mammalian cilia have been reported [ 90].
Finally, two epitopes were mapped next to each other for VP35, of which the MHC class I epitope is completely conserved, while variations in class II epitope maintain a similar HLA class II binding profile (data not shown).
Although the NCRs are considered to be conserved, some variation does exist, that affects viral replication.
