Four nickel ions bind the NikR tetramer at strictly conserved square-planar sites in the MBD, with a measured dissociation constant in the picomolar range (2, 3).
In Photo-DHEA, typical characteristics of DHEA are conserved: (i) a "planar" tetracyclic ring system with a Δ5 double bond, (ii) a 3β-hydroxyl group, and (iii) a keto group at C17.
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is also evolutionarily conserved and shares several components with the canonical pathway.
Furthermore, LPMOs share a conserved copper ion-binding site that is solvent exposed on the planar surface [ 13].
Sequence alignment of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), another plasma-membrane localized regulator of planar cell polarity (Lu et al., 2004), revealed a conserved tyrosine sorting motif (YVDL) in its predicted cytosolic domain.
Polarisation of cells in the plane of an epithelium is essential for morphogenesis and depends on a group of core planar polarity proteins (the 'core proteins'), the function of which is conserved among diverse animal species.
The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway has emerged as a major and evolutionarily conserved regulator of morphogenetic processes including gastrulation, neurulation and lung branching morphogenesis (5– 8).
Taken together, these results identify a conserved molecular mechanism that directly links JAK/STAT pathway signalling to intercellular adhesion and that sculpts both tubular and planar epithelial shape.
Among the conserved receptor residues, the key regulator of acid pH-dependent pore formation was Y119 of ANTXR2, which occupies a planar position between domains 2 and 4 of PA (Fig. 4A) and appears to make hydrophobic and H-bond interactions with both domains.
