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The genomic organization of CRHR2 gene is also conserved in cattle, which consists of 12 exons and 11 introns (Figure 2).
This would suggest that a number of the biological processes influencing growth characteristics that are conserved in organisms such as humans are also conserved in cattle.
Further validation studies should therefore be undertaken in order to check whether miRNA genes that are highly conserved in cattle could also be associated with milk traits.
As controls we selected U14 and snoRNA-442 non-coding RNAs, which are reference genes used in Drosophila studies (Ambion, Applied Biosystems), but none of these were either expressed or conserved in cattle ticks.
Furthermore, the analysis shows that the genomic organisation of the TRB locus and the non-coding elements that regulate TRB expression are highly conserved in cattle when compared to that of humans and mice.
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Chromofungin (CHR, RILSILRHQNLLKELQDLAL) corresponds to the active antifungal domain CgA47 66 of bovine and human Vasostatin-1 CgA1–76 [24] while Catestatin (CAT, RSMRLSFRARGYGFRGPGLQL) corresponds to a potent antimicrobial peptide CgA344 364 conserved in both cattle and man.
To infer if these clusters may also be conserved in the cattle tick genome we analysed the co-expression pattern of tick miRNAs across all samples.
Because the Japanese native cattle Kuchinoshima-Ushi have been isolated in a small island and their lineage has been intensely protected, it has been assumed to date that numerous and valuable genomic variations are conserved in this cattle breed.
We observed correlated co-expression profiles of tick miRNAs overlapping two D. melanogaster clusters, miR-100 miR-125:let-7 and miR-100 miR-125 indicating that these clusters may also be conserved in the candle tick genome (Additional file 12).
Two copies on chromosome 2 where one is an active copy with a degraded copy nearby conserved in pig, cattle, and dolphin (in pig it is not even part of the low confident annotation, but found in the complete set of BLAST supported Infernal/Rfam results with an Infernal E-value of around 0.2).
Intragenic precursors conserved in human, mouse, cattle and goat.
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