Second, it has been demonstrated that neurons possess an evolutionary conserved damage-response program that recapitulates the developmental stages required for neuronal differentiation (as neurite outgrowth and synapses formation) and expression of vimentin is part of this program [53].
The SOS pathway is a widely conserved DNA damage response pathway that, upon detection of DNA damage, responds by expressing genes involved in DNA repair and damage tolerance.
The results demonstrated that the toxicogenomics assay based on conserved DNA damage repair pathways across three species could detect various DNA damages induced by ENMs.
Taken together, these results suggest that BRCA1 subverts a conserved DNA damage response pathway in yeast in which DSIF plays a critical role.
Furthermore, enhanced P-CTD cleavage was observed in both yeast and human breast cells following UV-irradiation indicating a conserved eukaryotic damage response.
CHEK2 (also known as CHK2) encodes an ATM-dependent serine-threonine kinase that modulates a conserved DNA damage checkpoint pathway (Ahn et al, 2004).
This attribute has 12 possible values, namely: base excision repair, mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, other types of DNA repair, DNA polymerases (catalytic subunits), editing and processing nucleases, Rad6 pathway, disease, other genes with known or suspect DNA repair function, other conserved DNA damage response genes.
The conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway proceeds as a highly coordinated cascade of cellular events under the control of the phosphatidyl inositol 3′ kinase-related kinases (PIKKs), most notably Tel1 and Mec1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their homologs ATM and ATR, respectively, in human [ 1, 2].
Beside the above discussed genes, Muts like protein (in MMR), RAD21 (in NHEJ), RecQl4 and RecA (in HR) UBC1, UBE2N and MMS2 (in RAD6 pathway), CHEK1, CHEK2, CLK2A, PR19A/PUB60-1, AXR1, SMC2 and SMC3 (in other conserved DNA damage response genes) were found to be duplicated in Arabidopsis at different time during evolution (Additional file 5).
Since BRCA1 may subvert a conserved transcription associated damage pathway in yeast to exert its lethal effects, we examined if UV-irradiation, an efficient block to transcriptional elongation, could also induce P-CTD cleavage in yeast.
