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Martin et al. [ 16] reported that some genes encoding for cyanobacterial proteins and identified in the plant nuclear genome still conserve a copy in the chloroplast genome.
Based on these reports we evaluated the degree of disorder in both nuclear-encoded proteins, which were transferred from the plastid to the nuclear genome, and those transferred to the nucleus that also still conserve a copy in the chloroplast genome.
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The Grape implementation conserves a copy of the exact software and configuration used for a given set of analyses, guaranteeing forward reproducibility.
That this is always usually the b-copy is explained most easily by the fact that the more conserved (a) copy is much more likely to be discovered and named first.
What methods will be used to conserve a digital copy or to ensure that any data can be transferred to another platform?
Since these regions have the same number of copies in 3 relatively distant species, we assumed these were conserved in a copy number neutral stage.
Besides, it has confirmed a pattern of one conserved copy and one accelerated copy for both genes, and has revealed the action of positive selection on several regions of the fast-evolving ago-1b.
Nitric oxide synthase, involved in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide as a defense mechanism, is a highly conserved single copy gene in Arabidopsis, Ricinus, Populus, and Oryza, whereas in H. brasiliensis there are 4 copies.
Instead of aligning the positionally conserved copy of a repetitive DNA segment (a la Mauve), glocal methods construct a multiple alignment of all homologous copies of the repetitive segment, regardless of whether they are orthologous or paralogous.
The presumed ancestral condition of the C ParaHox paralogon that can still be found in mammalian genomes [ 43, 45], it is also conserved in all teleostean a-copies of this ParaHox paralogon.
GI is a highly conserved single copy gene in Arabidopsis, rice and Brachypodium (where it has a proven roles in flowering time [36], [37] and in barley (Table 1).
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