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Considering the prevalence of stroke diagnosed by medical doctors might be lower than the overall prevalence, a conservative prevalence of diagnosed stroke of 1.0% of this study was assumed, and about 320 stroke cases were expected from this representative sample.
Shobhana et al. [ 5] estimated that "with a conservative prevalence of 200,000 Type 1 diabetic subjects in India, the cost of treatment could be as high as US$50 million... ........
Assuming a conservative prevalence of spiritual distress (50%) in this study, a sample size of 198 will be needed to achieve a 80% power (at α =.05) to detect a 1.0 day difference in length of stay between patients with and without spiritual distress.
Twenty practices with mean list sizes of 5000 adult patients (lower than usual list sizes to reflect the typical practice sizes seen in majority ethnic population areas such as the inner city) and a conservative prevalence of hypertension of 10% will result in a potential sample of at least 10 000 patients with hypertension and many times this number without.
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The calculation of margin of error assumes the most conservative prevalence rate of 50%, a survey response rate of 95%, a study design effect of 1.0, and a 95% confidence interval.
Sample size was determined for key objectives based on the most conservative prevalence estimate of 50%%; calculations assumed 80%% power and a design effect of 2.0.
A conservative prevalence estimate of psychiatric disorders in the Norwegian child and adolescent population (3-18 years old) is about 8% based on epidemiological surveys [ 1].
24 A conservative prevalence estimate of 50% was used in these sample size calculations, since a priori data do not exist for appropriate care delivered in Australian children as a national estimate.
A conservative prevalence estimate of food allergies in this population is 31% (compared with 6 8% prevalence in the general population), with most common food allergies mimicking those of the general population, including those to eggs, milk, soy, peanuts, and tree nuts.
Of the 196 examined clinically, 36 were confirmed to have a deformity outside normal variation (47% knock-knee, 53% bow-leg), resulting in more conservative prevalence estimates of bone deformity: 0.6% for children < 18.0 years (M = 0.9%, F = 0.2%), 1.5% for children < 5.0 years (M = 2.3%, F = 0.6%).
Sample size was determined for key study objectives based on the most conservative prevalence rate estimate of 50%%; calculations assumed 80%% power and a design effect of 2.0 to account for the cluster sample design.
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