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But like many Turkish politicians of both left and right, being thrown into prison aroused passionate devotion for Erdogan among the poor and conservative masses.
It has broken down rules of the old secular order that now permit the wide public expression of religion, seen in the proliferation of women wearing head scarves, by the conservative masses who make up the prime minister's constituency.
Mr. Erdogan, in rally after rally over the weekend, sought to energize the conservative masses who propelled him to power by invoking his personal history as an Islamist leader opposed to the old secular state and its undemocratic nature.
These tensions are more often displayed among the urban elite in places like Istanbul than among the more conservative masses of the Anatolian heartland where Mr. Erdogan draws much of his support.
The last three weeks have laid bare Turkey's deep divisions between the religious, largely conservative masses who support Mr. Erdogan and the mostly secular and middle class who have joined the protest movement.
As it stands, these days, the conservative masses mostly consume entertainment, and culture is considered elitist.
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President Buchanan used to speak of "the conservative mass," much as Pres.
The number-one rule of conservative mass politics and virality is always punch down.
But the reality is different: there lies at the heart of the club a huge conservative mass of support.
But at home, as one conservative mass-circulation daily, the Chosun Ilbo, noted in a recent editorial, they are attacked "like public enemies".
He was determined to produce a conservative, mass-market paper that could cut across ethnic and geographic lines — something he had done to great effect in London with the Sun.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com