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However, a more conservative effect size might have been preferable given null evidence that has emerged in the bilingualism literature since we ran the study.
Sample size was determined using a more conservative effect size (effect size statistic [d=] 0.25) than that used in a previous study [ 27].
Given that the setting and focus of the present study are different compared to Ferguson and Xie [ 75], a more conservative effect size was chosen.
Techniques to account for publication bias have been utilised to provide a conservative effect size estimate offering robustness to our estimate.
As we used a more conservative effect size measure, this is a hint for the ability of the MacNew to assess changes.
Given that this study proposal meets their quality criteria for a high-quality trial (randomised and >40 sample size), 0.5 can be considered a coherent and conservative effect size estimate.
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Furthermore, since conservative effect sizes were chosen, the calculated initial sample size could be larger than needed and may therefore also compensate for attrition over 5%.
Further analyses were performed to account for publication bias, yielding conservative effect sizes and thus strengthening the robustness of the estimates.
Because of the large proportion of missing data and the fact that patients that dropped out were more impaired than the patients that stayed in the trial, the conservative effect sizes are highly influenced by the dropouts.
In general, a direct comparison between NHST p values and Bayesian posterior probabilities indicates that the latter is somewhat conservative when effect size is small.
Test retest reliability in the first 44 patients was excellent (0.97) and responsiveness was acceptable in 25 patients followed 6 8 months of conservative management (effect size = 0.46).
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