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To explore conservation of responses across species, gene expression from the rat liver studies were compared to in vitro data from rat and human primary hepatocytes exposed to the triazoles.
In order to assess conservation of responses to BaP in mammals and Oikopleura, we compared pathways significantly affected by BaP in this experiment and in a gene set from a microarray experiment using human macrophages [ 37].
Many oxidative stress and apoptosis related pathways were affected in both Oikopleura and human cells (Additional file 1, Figure S5 A and B) suggesting conservation of responses to genotoxic carcinogenic compounds.
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Conservation of response elements between species has been previously observed.
Genes demonstrating hypoxia-inducibility at 1 dpf, and therefore conservation of response across several phases of development, were preferentially chosen for MO knockdown in a secondary functional acute hypoxia sensitivity screen (Table 1, Figure 3).
Furthermore, analysis using BaP-modulated genes in Oikopleura and human macrophage cells [ 37] showed an enrichment of shared pathways such as DNA-damage response and apoptosis (Additional file 1, Figure S5 A and B), suggesting a conservation of response to genotoxic stress.
Similarly, the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalyglycine, the cytokine CCL3, the TLR activator PolyIC (Fortier et al., 2004) and the nerve growth factor NT3 were effectively translated and predictable at a level comparable with the observed conservation of response S (Fig. 3A) when based only on activation of protein phosphorylation.
Our findings predict basic conservation of Ab responses to protein antigens, strongly supporting the use of animal models for understanding human Ab responses to viruses and protein immunogens.
Therefore, the conservation of expression responses was higher between barley genotypes than between rice.
The identified modules reveal the conservation of transcriptional responses towards drugs, thereby providing a starting point for drug repositioning.
Analyzing the conservation of molecular responses has applications not only in selecting appropriate animal models, but also in biomarker identification.
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