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Finally, these conservation enterprises have been given tremendous publicity, portrayed by their advocates as win-wins, good for wildlife, good for people, good for the economy, participatory, empowering and liberating (Igoe et al. 2010).
Such unequal contests between state and local communities for control of conservation enterprises and their returns have become a common occurrence in Tanzania (Nelson 2004; Nelson 2007; Baldus 2009).
These changes include the development of ecotourism and conservation enterprises, trade, cultivation, land grabs, and as well as resource competition, harassment/displacement and harvest of wildlife, conversion of communal lands to private and corporate tenure, expansion of settlements and fences, and human population growth (Ogutu et al. 2009).
Through their subsidiary, African Wildlife Capital (AWC), they are using social capital to fund profitable small to medium-sized conservation enterprises.
Based on the various conservation enterprises that AWF have been involved in over the years, the revenue generated from those is generating on average about $2million annually for local communities across a whole spectrum of landscapes.
James P. Resor is Director, Conservation Enterprises, World Wildlife Fund-United States.
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Its projects include wildlife conservation, environmental education, natural resource management, and conservation enterprise.
Instead, they have given way to one-on-one, standardized land lease deals between individual landowners and conservancy enterprises around Mara, and conservation easements around Kitengela.
These are not incentives likely to make conservation-based enterprises work for Maasai communities in Tanzania.
While overall few Maasai households earn from wildlife, and the sums they make do not compare with main income streams from livestock, crops and off-farm sources, landowning households close to the MMNR saw real benefits from conservation-based enterprises.
While each of the programs will focus on working with youth around coaching and sports enrichment, student-athletes will also have the opportunity to serve in areas such as health outreach, education, environmental conservation, social enterprise, and more.
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