The moderate down regulation of CXCR4 in LPS treated fish (table 1) and upregulation (>1.5 fold) in attIHNV infected fish (see additional file 1), together with the strong upregulation of C3aR in IHNV treated fish suggests a conservation of complement mediated functional responses in the hematopoietic head kidney.
Further, private conservation areas significantly complemented statutory conservation areas in the types of biomes, elevation classes, and threat status classes conserved.
However, physical soil and water conservation (SWC) measures complemented with organic manure application raised soil OM content better than soils with only soil bund construction.
All five methods (Table 1) were based on selection, or likelihood of selection, of planning units as notional conservation areas to complement established reserves.
Lastly, we discuss how non-neutral differentiation in relation to climate change may improve our understanding of population viability, and promote informed conservation that will complement existing methods implemented for the practical management of many diverse and often imperiled species.
The framework complements existing conservation planning tools and methods – such as biodiversity mapping, situation analysis – by providing context and focus for their application.
To complement conventional conservation approaches (e.g. the establishment of protected areas) in palm oil-producing countries, existing plantation estates and smallholdings should be managed in ways to promote improved conservation outcomes, although oil palm landscapes maintained a fraction of the original forest biodiversity.
Niche-based distribution modelling is an efficient tool for identifying gaps in current land protection systems, especially when it highlights regions that surround PAs and, therefore, complement proposed conservation plans [51], [72], [73].
Figure 6 also shows that the conservation of the gene complement in this region with respect to the LKR/SDH gene, is not universal.
However, with the availability of genomic sequence data from other bird species besides chicken (turkey, mallard duck, and zebra finch), it is now possible to compare levels of among-species sequence conservation across the full complement of globin genes in the avian genome.
