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The antecedent clause states the current situation or true belief of the narrator; hence, the consequent clause describes the imaginary desire of the narrator, who wishes that the car was still there for the narrator to catch it in time.
If all statements in the antecedent clause are determined to be true, then all statements in the consequent clause are applied.
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The antecedent clauses were presented prior to the consequent clauses.
Hsu (2013) coerced counterfactual reading with 如果 rúguǒ 'if' and 沒有 méiyǒu 'not' in antecedent clauses, together with 不會 búhuì 'not' and the aspect marker of completion le in consequent clauses, demonstrating counterfactual reading by Chinese speakers from the mismatch of syntax and semantics on different developmental stages.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 The reaction times of counterfactual target clauses in antecedents (clause 1) and consequents (clause 2) of the three groups.
Moreover, only antecedent counterfactual target clauses confirmed the processing ordering, but not consequent counterfactual target clauses, suggesting the counterfactual conjunction yàobúshì in the beginning position of a sentence led to contrary-to-fact thinking.
That degree of judicial vigilance at the far outer boundaries of the Clause is warranted if we are to avoid the monopolies and consequent restrictions of expression that the Clause, read consistently with the First Amendment, seeks to preclude.
A four-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted with the target clause positions (antecedents as clause 1, consequents as clause 2), truth values (true, false), and polarities (affirmative, negation) as the within-participants factors, together with the groups (college students, junior high teenagers, elementary children) as the between-participants factor.
Further analyses were conducted to investigate whether the counterfactual target clauses embedded in different test sentences caused a mental processing difference (the antecedents of CC sentences, hereafter, CC1; the consequents of CC sentences, CC2; the counterfactual target clause in CF sentences, CF1; and the counterfactual target clauses in FC sentences, FC2).
Although the CF combination is a non-canonical sentence type in Chinese counterfactuality, to compromise with the experimental 2 × 2 design of clause types (factual, counterfactual) and clause positions (antecedent, consequent), CF sentence experimental materials are included.
But consequent reforms?
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com