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Therefore, research focuses on firms' actual competitive actions and their consequences on firm performance (Chen and Miller 2015, p. 759).
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Rosenbusch et al. (2011) argued that the innovation effect on firm performance depends also on firms' size, finding that newly and small firms show more evident effects on performance from innovation than bigger and well-established firms.
However, higher levels of experience during the lifetime of an audit firm, i.e., the aging of the firm's auditors, have a negative effect on firm performance.
Implications for both industry and universities, including their effect on firm performance, are discussed.
Among potential activities, pricing is unique: pricing has a direct and substantial effect on firm performance.
Thus, excess cash has an ambiguous net effect on firm performance.
A study of a large sample of American firms by Renee Adams and Daniel Ferreira, two economists, found that: "The average effect of gender diversity on firm performance is negative".
In addition, MO partially mediated the direct positive effect of innovative organizational culture on firm performance.
Furthermore, we investigated the impact of simultaneously operating dual BM designs (i.e. novelty and efficiency) on firm performance and contingent effect of firm age on this relationship.
From the perspective of industries, the business performances of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing firms were not significantly different; the effect of diversification strategy was not significant on firm performance.
Kellermanns et al. (2010) also suggested that family firms can have both a positive and negative influence on firm performance.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com