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The consequences of population size and local extinctions for cultural diversity and change would likely be additive.
Furthermore, while their studies address the consequences of population size and connectivity (via migration) on cultural complexity, ours investigates the effect of local extinctions on cultural diversity and rates of change.
In this work we focus our attention on the consequences of population size in asexual microbes, and study how changes in this parameter interact with other factors to modify its role and importance in adaptive dynamics.
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On the other hand, recognizing the evolutionary as well as ecological consequences of population sizes may offer new options for environmental management.
Smaller Ka and Ka/Ks values found in non-structural regions (2A and 3C) than in the structural region (VP1) (Table 3) demonstrated that accelerated amino acid substitutions in the latter are not a genome-wide phenomenon and, thus, are unlikely to solely be the consequence of population size changes.
As a consequence, ignoring the effects of population size on selection intensity and the effects of inbreeding, a given pBLUP scenario should provide comparable genetic gains in either a smaller or larger nucleus.
It is not possible to fully estimate the impact from these disruptions and pathological conditions, however, it is likely that semen quality and quantity could be influenced, which may have fatal consequences for fecundity and maintenance of population size.
Football, happily, is not simply a matter of population size.
Additional research into the performance of subsequent generations in transplant environments could assess the long-term adaptive consequences of source population size and its effect on genetic variation, an issue of particular relevance for both the conservation of threatened species and invasive species biology (Theoharides and Dukes 2007; Frankham et al. 2014).
Predicting the genetics consequences of small population size has been one of the major tasks of conservation biology, because a reduction can result in inbreeding, loss of genetic variation and fixation of deleterious alleles, and thereby decrease the evolutionary potential and increase the probability of population extinction (Maudet et al. 2002).
More experimental studies with long-term, replicated set-ups are needed to further enhance our understanding about the consequences of reduced population size and mixing of isolated populations, and to enable general predictions and recommendations.
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