This translates into the rejection of descriptors such as yearly passenger-hours and pollutant emissions, and adoption of descriptors based on yearly users gaining a time saving and average time saving per trip, and on health consequences of pollutant emissions.
The model also demonstrates nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a variety of agents, and we have previously used it to study the pulmonary consequences of pollutant exposures (Abraham et al. 1980 , 1981.
The environmental risk of the oil handling facility, considering the consequences of specific pollutants, was estimated and the associated environmental impact was quantified based on a 'weights of evidence' approach.
Between- and within- species differences in the capacity to metabolize and eliminate drugs and other xenobiotics from the body are typically substantial, complicating the effective use of drugs, as well as minimizing the ability to predict the adverse consequences of environmental pollutants.
These differences should in turn be taken into account when assessing the consequences of environmental pollutants such as the phthalate ester, diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP).
Although many cellular mechanisms likely contribute to the neuropathological consequences of environmental pollutants, recent evidence suggests a particular importance for neuroinflammatory factors [ 28, 29].
Studies on microevolutionary responses to pollutants should thus incorporate information on these different aspects of the response of populations that will help highlight the consequences of pollution on the evolutionary potential of wild populations.
The consequences of these pollutant-induced alterations in mucus biology are discussed in the context of pulmonary pathophysiology and toxicology.
This can be built onto existing risk assessment tools such as CLEA through the development of predictions of the consequences of modelled pollutant exposures to health, together with parallel assessment of health benefits.
The calculations in this subproject are mainly focused on the costs of the consequences of harmful emissions of pollutants associated with flood events.
