A blind faith in the ability of MPAs to counteract loss of biodiversity is fraught with risk, especially when MPAs are poorly planned and when the consequences of establishing MPAs are not adequately thought out.
In contrast, attempts to mitigate the loss of genetic variation and to minimize inbreeding have largely focused on rare and endangered species (Lande 1988), although interest in the genetic consequences of establishing or restoring populations of common species has grown over the last decade (e.g. Hufford and Mazer 2003; McKay et al. 2005; Bischoff et al. 2010).
Traditionally, trust is considered to be the premise for cooperation and the consequence of established cohesive social ties and, thus, network closure (e.g. Coleman 1988).
However, it is not clear whether low body weight is a risk factor for COPD or a consequence of established disease.
This larger diagnosis is a consequence of established organized mammographic screening in Sweden since the late 1980s, which became nationwide in the mid-1990s.
As a consequence, application of established clinicopathologic prognostic variables will require development of bespoke prognostic indices to improve prediction of both clinical outcome and relevant therapeutic options.
As a positive consequence of establishing social bonds in addition to economic relationships, an ethical ingredient was woven into the transaction process despite the fact that the two parties involved did not explicitly state their motivations.
"Popular government" was referred to by John Stuart Mill as "where the supreme controlling power... is vested in the entire aggregate of the community", while Edmund Burke argued that it has the desirable consequence of establishing a government that has a unified public interest, with its citizens absent of personal prejudices except for that of the public good.
A consequence of establishing such a successful trials network is the opportunity to develop more challenging trial designs to address more complex issues.
(2010, p. 48) Expectedly, this way of thinking about biological processes has major consequences for established dichotomies of twentieth century biosciences, and in particular for the genotype/phenotype distinction (coined by Johannsen in the 1910s).
