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This thicket is known as the "collateral consequences of conviction".
The Uniform Law Commission promulgated an initiative to mitigate the effect: the Uniform Collateral Consequences of Conviction Act.
And while the penalty imposed on petitioners in this case was relatively minor, the consequences of conviction are not..
What the barrister told the court was: "The consequences of conviction - irrespective of penalty - would greatly damage Mr Bogdanov in his personal and professional life".
In a dissent in the case, Justice Antonin Scalia said that "until today" lawyers were required to give advice only about the criminal prosecution itself and not about other consequences of conviction like deportation.
"In the best of all possible worlds," Justice Scalia wrote, "criminal defendants contemplating a guilty plea ought to be advised of all serious collateral consequences of conviction, and surely ought not to be misadvised".
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Like many with criminal records around the country, Carl must jump the hurdles of the "collateral consequences of convictions" if he is to get a job.
According to the National Inventory of Collateral Consequences of Convictions (NICCC) compiled by the Council of State Governments, Carl could face up to 185 legally sanctioned barriers in Kansas to different kinds of employment and job certifications because of his conviction.
Most of the pieces – the aggressive prosecutions and policing, longer sentences, prison-building, collateral consequences of convictions such as losing the right to vote or the chance to live in public housing – had been put in place, and the years since had been primarily dedicated to maintaining and tinkering with that basic architecture.
Since establishing its Clean Slate Clinic a decade ago, the center has helped several thousand people obtain record-clearing remedies with the aim of reducing the collateral consequences of convictions and lowering the risk of recidivism.
By making it almost impossible for people to rejoin society and restart their lives, these collateral consequences of convictions -- like fees and bans from public housing -- pretty much ensure that people will wind up back in prison.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com