But the consequences of centuries of conquest and abuse, a rampant culture of clientelism and government corruption starting from the 1980s makes it very difficult for ambitious people to work within these constructs and inside the country if they are not, as we say in Greece, from the proverbial "good family".
"Only by starting integration from the first years in school can we overcome the consequences of centuries of exclusion and discrimination," he added.
As a result, Marshall wrote, a decade after the civil-rights movement, "The position of the Negro today in America is the tragic but inevitable consequence of centuries of unequal treatment.
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is the accepted ancestor of the domestic dog (C. familiaris), but as a consequence of centuries of selective breeding, the latter had one of the greatest ranges of body size among terrestrial vertebrates.
And the problem for Israel and the Palestinians is that both tell a story that stakes a claim on this basis such that "in consequence of centuries of history, members of each feel passionately that this is their land" (Judaism, 241).
But by 1038, the year of Hai's death, the consequences of four centuries of gaonic activity had become indelible: the Babylonian Talmud had become the agent of basic Jewish uniformity; the synthesis of philosophy and tradition had become the hallmark of the Jewish intelligentsia; and the Hebrew classics of the past had become the texts of study in Jewish schools everywhere.
What are the genetic consequences of several centuries of reproductive isolation of the populations?
Bentham was an atheist and an exponent of the new laissez-faire economics of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, but he inspired the spate of legislation that, after the Reform Bill of 1832, had tackled the worst consequences of 18th-century inefficiency and of the Industrial Revolution.
Conrad was drawing on the terrible events in the Belgian Congo under Leopold II, themselves the consequence of two centuries of exploitation of the continent – most especially in the slave trade.
One of the consequences of this nineteenth-century transition was that while modern evolutionary theory retained significant, if often implicit, historical components, these were often overlooked as evolutionary biology sought to accommodate itself to a model of scientific explanation that involved appeals to laws of nature.
We have now seen the ultimate disastrous consequences of late-20th century, neo-conservative, trickle down public policy.
