The consequences of weight loss for cancer survivors is a crucial issue in survivorship research.
Thus, in addition to the ambiguity regarding the effects of brief weight loss interventions on bone, the long-term consequences of weight loss on bone mass, bone turnover, and subsequent fracture remain relatively unknown.
However, evidence of poorer outcomes associated with weight loss in the larger observational studies, alongside modest evidence for improved outcomes with intentional weight loss, underscores the need for research into the determinants and consequences of weight loss following a cancer diagnosis.
Because RYGB typically promotes complete remission of type 2 diabetes in severely obese patients (8, 12, 13), and because mounting evidence indicates that this results from hormonal and metabolic mechanisms beyond just the consequences of weight loss (5, 15, 16, 23), evaluating the use of RYGB to treat diabetes in less obese patients is logical (5, 23).
We also determined the effect of weight loss on MS and its consequences.
23 This meta-analysis also indicated that although obese, older adults are able to achieve significant weight losses, changes in blood pressure, lipid profile, glycemic control, exercise capacity, and quality of life, as a consequence of weight-loss treatment, did not reach statistical significance.
Although there was a decrease in fasting leptin, an increase in resistin, and an increase in the ghrelin response to a meal, these changes could be a consequence rather than a cause of weight loss (17).
Yo-yo dieting and weight loss is certainly observed in humans, and although not normally encountered in laboratory nutrition studies, this question of the potential health consequences with weight cycling from repeated bouts of weight loss and regain is beginning to be addressed.
Intervention trials offer better insight into the consequences of intentional weight loss, but no trials to date have directly investigated the effect on survival, although a study looking at the impact of weight loss on breast cancer recurrence and survival is underway [ 40].
The current study investigated both the health benefits (ie, weight loss, improvements in metabolic risk factors) and adverse consequences of weight-loss treatment in older adults (65 74 years) and examined whether these effects were comparable to those experienced by middle-aged adults (50 59 years).
The difference was because of weight loss.
