Crop cultivated dehesas had lower mature tree densities (18.9±13.9 trees ha−1) than grazed (38.6±18.1 trees ha−1) and shrubby (56.4±27.5 trees ha−1) dehesas, indicating potentially negative consequences of cultivation on holm oak demography.
As a consequence, the expansion of cultivation necessarily takes place around palm oil extraction plants forming enclaves.
"The two replacement economies for poppy cultivation, in this case, were vastly more detrimental than the consequences of poppy cultivation," Felbab Brown said.
If negative ecological consequences of switchgrass cultivation are minimized, biofuel production using this species has economical and environmental benefits.
Our assessment reveals that the introduction and spread of pest species are potentially important but often overlooked consequences of oyster cultivation.
Our results suggest that one of the consequences of shifting cultivation is the decrease in the availability and quality of this NTFP.
Argueta notes with particular vehemence the devastating consequences of the cultivation and processing of indigo, much admired by the Spaniards for its uses as a dye but which early proved to be a lethal carcinogen.
While Webster conceded an anthropogenic influence might still be at work, he argued that it caused something less than climate change: "All the alterations in a country, in consequence of clearing and cultivation, result only in making a different distribution of heat and cold, moisture and dry weather, among the several seasons".
As a consequence of the indoor cultivation of cannabis, the energy company will log higher than normal energy consumption in certain areas, medical services and the law enforcement staff in those areas will record higher than normal rates of certain types of crimes and violence, and so forth.
The Brown appointee said the evidence failed to establish that the killing had anything to do with the grow operation, "much less that it was a reasonably foreseeable consequence" of the marijuana cultivation.
