In other words, quality of life may not be a useful measure as a predictor or consequence of alcohol use among community dwelling South African adults over 50 years of age.
However, one Glasgow-based study found students (of either sex) strongly expected aggression to be a primary consequence of alcohol use, particularly in males (Crawford, 1984).
Likewise, 200 people reported at least one lifetime consequence of alcohol use, comprising 3.2% of the low risk group and half (51%) of the at-risk group.
Cross-sectional studies, in which each individual is evaluated only once, typically provide little leverage for concluding whether a given construct is a cause, correlate, or consequence of alcohol use, emphasizing the importance of conceptual guidance, logic, and statistical controls.
Higher neuroticism (13% vs 8.5%, AOR 1.7, 99%CI 1.1, 2.6, P < .001) was independently associated with reporting at least one lifetime consequence of alcohol use, while female gender was associated with a lower likelihood of lifetime consequences (7.1% vs. 15.0%, AOR 0.39, 99%CI 0.26, 0.58, P < .001).001
Likewise, a reduction in anxiety symptoms following alcohol treatment, which often is interpreted as an indication that the anxiety symptoms were a consequence of alcohol use, could also be explained by anxiolytic therapy and/or the natural course of anxiety independent of any effects related to abstinence.
Finally, dieting and bingeing severity was positively associated with the prevalence of negative consequences of alcohol use, such as blackouts and unintended sexual activity.
Restrained eaters (RES NN = 51) and unrestrained eaters (UN-RES; N = 55), per the cognitive restraint scale scores from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, provided prospective ratings measuring mood, alcohol consumption, and consequences of alcohol use across one full menstrual cycle.
Targeted interventions designed specifically to focus on underestimation of college student drinking and the impact of SB contextual and interpersonal factors may be an important area of study to reduce negative consequences of alcohol use during SB.
The study was designed to replicate and extend earlier findings of a graded positive relationship between the dieting and bingeing severity and the frequency, intensity, and negative consequences of alcohol use in young women, while adjusting for known predictors of alcohol use.
Findings underscore the importance of using a developmental-relational perspective to consider the antecedents and consequences of alcohol use early in the life span.
