The likelihood and consequence were estimated for each threat.
The consequences are estimated using dynamic loss functions developed considering multiple key state variables.
In one American study, sarcopenia and its consequences were estimated to cost the US healthcare system US$18 billion [ 4].
As a consequence, it is estimated that 35 50% of patients remain devoid of a precise molecular diagnosis.
As a consequence, it is estimated that 1.5 million people die each year as a result of the consumption of untreated or contaminated water.
As a consequence, it is estimated that the average genotyping error rate of the 550k SNP genotyping is close to 0.1%.
Despite the severity of these consequences, it is estimated that up to one-half of those with depression [ 16- 18] and only one third to one-half of those affected by anxiety disorders [ 8, 16] seek professional help.
As a consequence, revision surgery is estimated to increase to 96,700 for hip revisions and 268,000 for knee during the same time period [ 2].
The cost of the cognitive and behavioral consequences of lead exposure is estimated to be 43.4 billion dollars annually in the United States, considerably more than other childhood diseases of environmental origin [ 24].
The burden of FGR and its potential consequence, low birthweight (LBW, <2,500 g), is estimated highest in low-income countries (LIC), where maternal undernutrition, short stature, malaria, anaemia, and HIV are important risk factors and pregnancy rates are high [ 3, 5- 7].
