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A total of 311 (13.5%) participants were lost to follow-up or withdrew consent (range within studies 12 18%).
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Polanski was European, where the age of consent ranges from 13 to 16.
Participants described many symbols of animal consent, ranging from audible cues like barking to physical cues like whether the animal looks happy or is running around.
Ethical clearance (obtained or pending) for proposals involving human subjects ranged between 62 and 100%; the plan to obtain informed consent ranged between 62 and 88%; and the plan to ensure the confidentiality of data ranged between 77 100%.
Rates of consent ranged from 100% of the patients enrolled in TRIUMPH to as low as 40%, depending on the hospital involved.
There was, however, a difference between practices (p=0.008) with the proportion of baseline respondents giving consent ranging from 78.6% to 100%.
Opinion regarding informed consent ranges from the view that (in certain circumstances) the process is 'needlessly cruel'[ 12] and violates the principle of beneficence for some patients[ 13], to concerns that it should always be obtained[ 14, 15] and permitting waiver of consent is a slippery slope toward unethical practices[ 16].
However, there was considerable variability between the clinical centers with regards to the proportion of critically ill patients who gave informed consent themselves (range between 0% and 16.3%) [11].
For patients that consent, a range of biographical and clinical information will be extracted from the patients' hospital records.
However, there was considerable variability between the clinical centers with regards to the proportion of critically ill patients who gave informed consent themselves (range between 0% and 16.3%) [ 11].
The mean percentage consent rates ranged from 47% (financial incentive to school administrator plus direct mailing) to 63% (multiple letters).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com