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The ethics committee at the University of Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine, approved this retrospective evaluation and waived the need for parental consent, hence parental consent was not asked for.
The ethics committee at the University of Tübingen, Faculty of Medicine, approved the retrospective evaluation and waived the need for parental consent, hence parental consent was not asked for.
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Even this justification can be presented as a matter of presumed consent, in the following sense: In order to fulfill an important social goal (for example, increasing the organ pool), it is permissible to perform the intervention as permissible as it would have been had the patient explicitly consented; hence equivalence with patient consent and permission to presume consent.
The whole point of consent, and hence its proper content and scope, may turn out to vary between domains.
Furthermore, international journals require evidence of ethics review and informed consent and hence, the lack of attention to such research ethics practices might represent one reason to explain the under-representation of developing countries in the research literature [12].
The major criticism brought against the recommendations is that they unacceptably override patients' consent, and hence their autonomy, which is the chief value protected by informed consent procedures.
Nevertheless, we fully recognise that it could be counterproductive to depend solely on the technology of a tool to meet the comprehension assessment of participants during informed consent process; hence, we involved trained interviewers to administer the audio computerised questionnaire to the participants.
Hence, consent was not required.
Of 115 screened patients admitted in our Unit in the 8 months of this study, fourteen patients matched inclusion/exclusion criteria and accepted to participate to the trial signing the informed consent and were hence enrolled into the study.
The need for emergency surgery and prognosis were explained to the patient's relatives, but they were not willing to give consent for further management; hence, the patient was discharged against medical advice.
In addition, all data was analyzed anonymously and hence, informed consent was not required.
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