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Runoff and leachates were collected at 10 typical growth stages of the consecutive wheat and maize seasons throughout a 2-year period.
The wheat fields of the Dakotas and Minnesota's Red River Valley began suffering from soil exhaustion due to consecutive wheat crops, leading to an increase in wheat leaf rust and related crop diseases.
The disease also tended to be less severe in the fifth consecutive wheat crop than in the second wheat crops after non-graminaceous breaks.
In Experiment 1, the average yield of all second wheat crops after break crops was 2.67 t ha−1 less than the yield of the fifth consecutive wheat (4.14 and 6.81 t ha−1, respectively).
On average, the second wheat crops in Experiment 2 gave over two tonnes per hectare more grain after oats than they did after the non-graminaceous break crops (6.74 and 4.54 t ha−1, respectively) while the fifth consecutive wheat gave an intermediate yield of 5.52 t ha−1.
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The plots of winter wheat in the break-crop years, which were third consecutive wheats, had significant take-all but it was more severe in Experiment 1 (TAI = 76) than in Experiment 2 (TAI = 51).
The fourth consecutive crop of wheat that preceded Experiment 10 had severe take-all, with a TAI, in summer, of about 90.
In Experiment 2, there were no clear differences between the test crops in the amounts of take-all inoculum in the soil, even after four consecutive crops of wheat (Table 4).
Experiment 10 was sown in a field that had previously grown four consecutive crops of winter wheat, the immediately preceding one of which (i.e. the fourth wheat, harvested in 2000) had very severe take-all.
Ion exchange resin samplers were installed at 90 cm depth in a consecutive crop rotation of wheat (Triticum durum L). and maize (Zea mays L). for 6 and 5 months, respectively (from first pre-plant fertilization to harvest).
Effects were measured in two or three consecutive crops of winter wheat that followed these treatments.
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