High neuroticism and low conscientiousness groups were correlated with high abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Proteobacteria, respectively when covariates, including age, sex, BMI and nutrient intake, were controlled.
As shown in Fig. 1 A, while HbA1c was similar at entry to the study (year 1), there was an interaction between conscientiousness groups and time [ F 2, 200) = 4.48; P = 0.01].
In contrast, no significant changes in HbA1c values were found for the high-conscientiousness group [ F 2, 102) = 0.37; P = 0.69].
Piedmont [ 45] reported substantial declines in Neuroticism and increases in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness in a group of polysubstance abusers following a rehabilitation program [ 26] (but see [ 28]).
In the clinically anxious group, conscientiousness was also found to make a unique, negative contribution to anxiety symptoms (β = −.37), which means that higher levels of this personality trait were associated with lower levels of anxiety symptoms.
Relationship in females was significantly higher than in males (t = 2.60, p = 0.01); conscientiousness in the PIU group was significantly lower than that in the non-PIU group (t = -2.18, p < 0.01).
As can be derived from Table 1, patients with comorbid IA showed higher neuroticism and lower extraversion and conscientiousness than the alcohol group.
Multiple regression analysis and structural equation modelling revealed that Conscientiousness and the perception of group support seemed to influence social identification over time.
Finally, significantly lower scores in conscientiousness were found within the group of internet addicts.
PATL was also moderately associated with conscientiousness in the self-report group, and moderately to highly associated with dispositional optimism and neuroticism (negative correlation) in the informant-report group.
