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To examine salient features of the connections (stiffness, strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity), first, the load deformation curves of each test were obtained from envelope of the hysteretic curves.
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Initial connection stiffness.
Rail fastener stiffness is the connection stiffness between the rail and each sleeper.
It was observed that as the angle length increases, the connection stiffness varies proportionately (Fig. 12).
In these analyses, finite element technique considering nonlinear connection stiffness and geometrical non-linearity is applied.
The experimental results show that the identified stiffness by the proposed method with bilinear connection stiffness model can get better results than that with linear connection stiffness model.
This study shows that the axial tension load reduces the initial connection stiffness and moment capacity.
A rigorous FEM analysis is performed for finding the connection stiffness in two cases.
The structural capacities are observed in terms of connection stiffness and ductility.
The initial connection stiffness remains constant up to 0.25° rotation after which there is an increase in connection stiffness as well as moment carrying capacity for the higher thickness angle specimens.
An important factor influencing the behaviour of post-tensioned timber frames is the connection stiffness.
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