Based on our results we can conclude that especially phase transformations within the oxide scale need to be suppressed, as the connected volume changes lead to the formation of cracks and pores.
Holes in the connected volume containing (a x,0,0,a y,0,0,a z,0,0) as well as voxels classified as part of the object but not being connected to the main volume, were removed.
Following binarization of the image through thresholding, biofilm parameters are calculated from the binary image stacks with a prior optional connected volume filtration (CVF) [ 24, 30].
We suggest that the injection of a primitive, ridge-like component into pre-existing, poorly connected volumes of broadly EVZ/Vestmannaeyjar-like alkali basaltic magma caused overpressure to develop in the stored magma system, and caused the eruption that produced Surtsey and its siblings.
Progressive changes in the geochemistry of eruptive products can be explained by mixing between ephemeral and poorly connected volumes of broadly EVZ-like alkalic basalt typical of Iceland's Vestmannaeyjar, with primitive ridge-like basalt formed at the propagating ridge tip.
For the global level, we define the function f ∗ connecting the volume of sales of products with the set of customers buying them and the volume of purchases of customers with the set of products they are buying.
At the global level, we generate the Purchase Function ( f ∗ ) connecting the volume of sales of products with the set of customers buying them and the volume of purchases of customers with the set of products they are buying.
The primary heat transport system is modeled by connecting compressible volumes by liquid segments.
As both of these attributes may be characterized in terms of either length units (e.g. aperture), or ratios of length units (e.g. connected pore volume as a proportion of total volume), it is reasonable to relate permeability to strain.
Yet Tillerson stated that while humans are changing the climate, "our ability to predict that effect is very limited" — a dubious assertion, when it is clear that more emissions equal more warming, and when scientists can now directly connect the volume of emissions with particular temperature ranges for the planet.
