Certain pili (called sex pili) are used to allow one bacterium to recognize and adhere to another in a process of sexual mating called conjugation (see below Bacterial reproduction).
Diploid strains will mate if partners are in the opaque form and homozygous (aa or αα) for the MLT (mating-type-like) locus (Miller and Johnson, 2002), and mating partners form elongated conjugation tubes called shmoos that undergo chemotropism and fusion (Lockhart et al., 2003).
The interaction or modulation of polyQ disease proteins by parkin can offer an explanation of the parkinsonian phenotype in SCA 2 and SCA 3. Also it is noteworthy that ataxin-1 interacts and is modulated by an E2 ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme, called UbcH6, which regulates the transcriptional repression of expanded ataxin-1 and the rate of ataxin-1 degradation [ 155, 156].
pilus) are cellular appendages, slightly larger than fimbriae, that can transfer genetic material between bacterial cells in a process called conjugation where they are called conjugation pili or "sex pili" (see bacterial genetics, below).
In sexual unicellular organisms the gametes can be produced by division (often multiple fission, as in numerous algae) or, as in yeasts, by the organism turning itself into a gamete and fusing its nucleus with that of a neighbour of the opposite sex, a process that is called conjugation.
Phase Two Liver Detoxification To rid itself of toxins produced by Phase One detoxification, the liver performs a second phase called conjugation.
This event is called conjugation, and greatly increases genomic plasticity, helping microorganisms to adapt to changes in their environment.
It is mediated by a group of ubiquitin conjugation factors collectively called the RAD6 pathway (Lawrence 1994).
Ubiquitin tags the targeted protein in a covalent bonding process called conjugation, and as a consequence, the protein is sent to the proteasome for digestion (Hochstrasser, 1996).
The second pathway consists of approximately 26- to 32-nt siRNAs, named scan RNAs (scnRNAs), which are expressed exclusively during sexual reproduction (called conjugation), are processed by the Dicer protein Dcl1p (Malone et al, 2005; Mochizuki & Gorovsky, 2005), and are loaded into the Argonaute protein Twi1p (Mochizuki et al, 2002; Mochizuki & Gorovsky, 2004).
