Recent work also suggests a "sleeper effect" (Brooks & Goldin-Meadow, 2016) associated with congruent movements and gesture on the learning system, so that even if immediate gains are not seen after being shown movements, learners in that study were able to solve equations better when tested later.
Our study showed that the combination of observation of congruent hand movement simultaneously to passive movement of the paretic hand recruits more motor areas, giving neuronal substrate to propose video-guided passive movement of paretic hand in CP rehabilitation.
Similar activation of this sub-region within the STS was reported by Herrington et al. (2012) in response to the incongruent perception of one's own movement, whereas coherent congruent motion activated the left STS.
In a recent study [23], Chong et al. tested the susceptibility of automatic imitation to selective attention and reported an increase in the reaction time required to initiate a congruent hand movement with a concurrently observed action.
Action observation with simultaneous congruent passive movements may have additional effects in the recruitment of brain motor areas.
We hypothesize that this region facilitates congruent facial movements when an emotionally expressive face is perceived and that it is part of a system for non-volitional emotional facial movements.
Koch, Glawe, and Holt (2011) report that participants react faster in a Stroop condition using congruent gestures (up movement attached to word "happy") compared to incongruent gestures (down movement for "happy") performed on a large 28-inch slider (Koch et al., 2011).
While numerous studies have examined the post-war contestation surrounding commemorative sites associated with the legacy of Nazi Germany, relatively little attention has been dedicated to the ways in which the Nazi regime itself sought to create places of memory congruent with the movement's political and cultural goals.
For the congruent conditions, before movement initiation an odour evoking an object that if grasped would require the same type of grasp as the visual target was delivered.
The three factors were (i) the Position of the Mug with respect to the participant (Reachable Vs Non-Reachable); (ii) the Position of the Handle with respect to the hand the participants had to use to replicate the grasping movement (Congruent Vs Incongruent); (iii) the Presence of a virtual individual such an avatar (Absent Vs Cylinder Vs Avatar).
