Thus, the joint effect of alcohol drinking and smoking was a synergy observed in three groups, i.e., non- Congou, Congou, or hot Congou drinking (Table 3-wrap>).
The risk of current smoking among not-daily alcohol drinking subjects seemed to decrease in both Congou and hot Congou groups, compared with corresponding figure in Table 2.
Table 1-wrap> showed a clear protected effect and a significant dose response relationship with both the consumption of Congou and hot Congou.
However, the rate ratios from non- Congou drinkers were higher than those from all Congou or hot Congou drinkers in the same combination of alcohol drinking and smoking, when the subjects with not-daily alcohol drinking and non-smoking were used for the reference.
An analysis for Congou or hot Congou drinking after adjustment for age, sex, region, occupation, income, alcohol, tobacco, fish sauce, pickled vegetable, sowbelly, fruit, and vegetable were carried out.
Those with protective effect were fresh fruit, cooked vegetable (but lack of dose response relationship), and Congou drinking.
The rate ratios from the subjects with daily alcohol drinking and current smoking were 37.9 (95% CI: 12.3 116), 6.82 (95% CI: 3.91 11.9), and 5.29 (95% CI: 2.45 11.4) for non- Congou, Congou, or hot Congou drinkers, respectively (Table 3).
We made a large hospital-based case control study to analyze whether mortality risks of oesophageal cancer were associated with hot Congou after adjusting other risk factors.
Congou is a grade of Chinese black tea, which is habitually drunk at a very high temperature by much (over 80%) of the population in the locality.
A total of 1248 cases (median age 58.5 (range 29 82) years, 936 males, 312 female, 85% with habit of Congou drinking) and the same amount of controls were included in the study.
The study from a large hospital-based case control for 1248 cases with oesophageal cancer and the same number of controls in South China showed that Congou, a grade of Chinese black tea, may protect against cancers of the oesophagus and reduce the risk of a combination of alcohol drinking and smoking (especially smoking), regardless of temperature when drinking.
