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Meanwhile, Singapore's Intelligent Transport System, which incorporates a range of smart transportation technologies and allow the city state to enjoy one of the lowest congestion rates of a city its size anywhere in the world, was awarded the Intelligent Infrastructure Prize.
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Congestion rate in transmission lines.
Minimization of congestion rate in transmission network.
J fa is the congestion rate of the father node.
Generally, LMP depends on two objects: 1) Congestion rate in transmission lines 2) Power loss in transmission lines .
Reference [1] has modeled the transmission network and adopted concept of congestion rate (CR) to evaluate the probability of unacceptable dispatching ways for the ISO.
Considering congestion cost, the proposed method gets the benefit of following points: 1) Minimization of congestion rate in transmission network 2) Reduction in imposed cost on transmission network (produced by GenCos) .
If we represent the network congestion rate by following probability calculation, the CR will appear in power system when σ has a positive value: sigma = Probleft{ {F_{ij} ge F_{ij}^{hbox{max} } } right} (4).
This will allow us to encircle better the congestion and dis-congestion rates of the heterogeneous networks.
The congestion charge rate for central London was raised from £8 to £10 this year, but the charge will no longer apply in west London following Johnson's decision to abolish the western extension of the congestion charge zone.
In case of congestion, frame rate is adapted on the source nodes and image frame quality is decreased on the intermediate nodes by the proposed congestion mitigation technique explained in Section 3.6.
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