Indeed, reports are beginning to surface of severe congenital cardiomyopathies attributed to primary abnormalities of mitochondrial respiratory chain function (Dhar et al, 2013; Garcia-Diaz et al, 2013).
(Some congenital disorders were attributed to mechanical causes, such as a narrow uterus).
Around 10% of major types of congenital malformations are attributed to substances of proved teratogenic effects, while 37% to interactions of genetic and environmental factors [ 21].
Several congenital abnormalities can be attributed to disorders of programmed cell death.
Some environmental causes of congenital disorders have been attributed directly to maternal lifestyle and to factors that influence maternal behaviour.
The leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children is attributed to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).
The aim of this study is to examine the dentition of the oldest (pre 15th century) cases attributed to congenital syphilis to determine whether their dental processes have been affected by either congenital syphilis itself, its treatments (mercury) or a combination of both (syphilitic-mercurial).
Of the 456 perinatal deaths, 155 (34%) were attributed to congenital structural or genetic abnormalities (corrected PNMR 4.1/1,000).
Eighty one per cent of infant deaths in term infants were attributed to congenital anomalies, birth asphyxia, other neonatal morbidities, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or infections (table E, data supplement).
In the present study, we estimated the highest ORs for deaths attributed to congenital malformations and perinatal circumstances, but only the latter proved to be significant for the whole study population, and only the former for deaths among late neonates.
