Sentence examples for confusion effects from inspiring English sources

Individuals in larger groups benefit from collective vigilance, cooperative defense, and dilution and confusion effects which can reduce predation risk [1].

The extent to which unpredictable motion and prey density during the target assessment phase contribute to the classical confusion effects therefore deserves further scrutiny.

Moreover, large aggregations of A. boreas that typically occur in nature ([e.g., 49]) can create a confusion effect that helps to evade predation (reviewed in [50], [51]), though we note that group behavior may differ from that of individuals observed in a laboratory setting.

One such advantage is the confusion effect.

What of the confusion effect for targets moving completely predictably?

At higher levels of unpredictability, a confusion effect appeared and then increased as path unpredictability increased.

It is possible that the patterning on each animal could interact in a non-linear fashion with the confusion effect or protean behaviours to create a stronger effect.

This "confusion effect" has been proposed to result from a bottleneck in information processing, a hypothesis supported by both modelling and experiment.

Here, we concentrate on two factors which could enhance the confusion effect: predictability of the motion paths of individuals within a group, and overall group density.

This concept of a confusion effect resonates with a large literature on visual search tasks in humans (Wolfe 2010; Eckstein 2011), as noted by Tosh et al. (2009).

In addition, some animals commonly travel in groups, and increased group size has been shown to decrease capture success via the confusion effect [ 47, 48].